一、開頭句型

 

　　我們常說，良好的開端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我們頗有必要在作文的開頭花一番心思。

 

　　在寫議論文時，你通常以什么樣的方式開頭呢？最簡單也最常用的可能就是開門見山法。也就是說———直截了當地提出你對這個問題的觀點，點出文章的中心思想。

 

　　I．．．．has both advantages and

 

　　disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：

 

　　1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．

 

　　2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．

 

　　3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．

 

　　舉一反三：

 

　　1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many

 

　　disadvantages．

 

　　2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every

 

　　coin has two sides，．．．has its

 

　　disadvantages．（本例將利弊分開講，轉折過渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背誦。）

 

　　II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part

 

　　in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：

 

　　1．Computers play an important role in scienceand technology．

 

　　2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．

 

　　Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．

 

　　3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．

 

　　4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．

 

　　舉一反三：

 

　　1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．

 

　　2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance

 

　　communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．

 

　　III．With the development of．．．，隨著……的發展，例如：

 

　　1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can

 

　　afford a car．

 

　　2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more

 

　　and more serious．

 

　　3．With the rapid development of scienceand technology，people can get

 

　　a college degree by taking online-courses at home．

 

　　4．With the current social and technological developments，employees

 

　　with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．

 

　　舉一反三：

 

　　1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is

 

　　becoming more and more serious．

 

　　隨著中國人口的急劇增加，住房問題越來越突出。

 

　　2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards

 

　　women is changing．

 

　　隨著越來越多的婦女走入社會，人們對婦女的態度也在改變。

 

　　3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing

 

　　number of Chinese

 

　　families can afford a car．

 

　　隨著中國改革開放的深入，越來越多的中國家庭買得起車了。（“越來越多”除了常用的more and more外，還可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等來表達。）

 

　　本結構看似固定，實則富于變化，只要記住with有“隨著”的意思，相信大家可以根據實際的需要造出更多的句子。

 

　　我們已經看到，開門見山的開頭使論文直切主題，直白明確地提出了論點。不過在討論某些有爭議性的問題時，就顯得有欠缺，因為我們必須在文章的開頭引出人們對要討論的問題的不同看法，然后再表明自己的觀點。下面就是專門針對爭議性論文的一種句型。

 

　　IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe

 

　　that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably

 

　　some truth in both arguments

 

　　／statements，but．．．當說到……，有些人認為……，但另一些人則持相反的觀點……。這兩種觀點可能都有點道理，但……。

 

　　本結構先用when it comes to ．．．引出話題，再用some．．．others

 

　　．．．這個對立的結構引出了兩種相反的觀點，然后說There is some truth in

 

　　both．．．表明嚴謹公正的態度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的論點。請看下面這個例子：

 

　　TV，a good thing or bad thing

 

　　When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainmentand education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．

 

　　二、結尾句型

 

　　英語議論文多以簡要總結全文或對所討論的問題提出解決辦法來結尾。總結全文時除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，沒有固定模式。提出解決辦法時卻常使用下一句型。

 

　　V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：

 

　　1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the

 

　　world．

 

　　2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from

 

　　cheating on exams．

 

　　3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．

 

　　4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying

 

　　out further attacks．