雙重否定句

句型19［主語+否定式謂語…+否定詞/含否定意義的詞+其他］

1. He doesn't lend his book to nobody. 2. You can't make something out of nothing.

3. I'll take it then. Not for nothing. I'll give you something in return.

4. I could not disobey him. Only one thing remained for me: to suffer and obey.

5. He was never dissatisfied with my work. 6. What's done cannot be undone.

7. This captain took a fancy to my conversation, which was not at all disagreeable at that time.

[注] 如果要用否定代詞作主語，謂語要用肯定式。

Nothing is changeless. Nothing is without his faults. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.

[主語+否定式謂語…+without+名詞…/動名詞]

［(There be)+no+主語+詞組或從句+without+名詞…/動名詞］

句型20

[It (或名詞) is+否定詞語+不定式+without+名詞…/動名詞]

1. We can live without food or water for some days, but without air we cannot live even a few minutes.

2. At the beginning of learning English he could not speak it without making mistakes.

3. There is no right to speak without investigation. 4. No gains without pains.

5. (There is) No sweet without (some) sweat.

6. Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement.

7. Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.

8. It is impossible for your team to win without constant training.

[注1] 由第二式的省略 "no…without…"進(jìn)一步緊縮的結(jié)果，便產(chǎn)生 "no…no…" 簡略式，主要用于諺語格言。例如：No pains, no gains. No law, no liberty. No investigation, no right to speak. Nothing venture, nothing have. (nothing是no的派生詞)

[注2] "not without…" 表示"不無…"、"不是沒有…"的意思，是一種委婉的說法。

例如：Not without reason / not without some doubt I have brought back your man-not without risk and danger.

句型21［主語+ cannot+help/ refrain from/ keep from+動名詞…］

1. Though Laurence had promised Keith not to see Wanda, he could not help going to her.

2. He (Shylock) could not help showing his pleasure. 3. I can't help admiring it whenever I look at it.

4. I could not refrain from retorting to hear such a lie. 5. I cannot keep from laughing to hear such a story.

句型22［主語+ cannot+but/ choose but/ help but+動詞原形…］

1. "You cannot but feel already that it is useless staying here… you will have to go farther."

2. I can not but admire his courage. 3. We cannot (choose) but read books to increase our knowledge.

4. They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead of them.

句型23［主句（否定結(jié)構(gòu)）+從句（否定結(jié)構(gòu)）］

1. Nothing was useful which was not honest. 2. Nothing can be wholly beautiful that is not useful.

3. I have never committed one act that was not in the interests of my people.

4. Bassanio, in his grief, replied that there was nothing he would not sacrifice.

句型24［(There be) No+ 主語+ but+ 謂語+ 其他］

1. There is no man but has his faults. 2. (There is) Nobody but has his faults. 3. No one but can do it.

4. There is no rule but has exceptions. 5. There is nobody but knows this matter.

句型25［第一分句（否定式謂語）+but +第二分句（肯定式謂語）］

1. It never rains but it pours.(=It never rains without pouring.)

2. I never see you but I think of my brother. 3. They never meet but they discuss this problem.

4. She never comes but she brings something for the children.

[注] 漢語中的雙重否定句譯成英語時不一定用雙重否定句。"知無不言，言無不盡。"-- Say all you know and say it without reserve. "這樣的人是沒有不摔跤的。"-- Such people are bound to trip and fall.

排除否定句

句型26［主語+謂語+ beyond/ beyond the fact that…］

1. He did nothing beyond writing one letter.

2. He did not really know what he was going to say, beyond that the situation demanded something romantic.

3. Of Oliver Edwards, nothing, I believe, is known beyond the fact that he had been at Pembroke College with Johnson.

句型27［主語+謂語+ but/ but that/ barring…］

1. No one knows it but you and I. 2. He did nothing but wait for the result.

3. I have no secret of success but hard work.

4. I couldn't see but that the soldiers would fight and die for the sake of their country.

5. Who but he would do such a thing?

6. The meeting will be held next Tuesday barring unforeseen factors.

句型28［主語+謂語+except/ except that/ except for/ excepting/ …］

1. Everyone is ready except you.

2. No man ever became great or good except through many and great mistakes.

3. Except a living man there is nothing more wonderful than a book.

4. We lay there along time in silence, except that Webb groaned every now and then.

5. She is absolutely alone except for her son.

6. All the splendid furniture of his late residence had been sold, excepting his wife's harp.

句型29［主語+謂語+apart from/ aside from/ exclusive of/ with the exclusion of…］

1. Apart from the question of expense, it is too late. 2. Aside from this statement, he refused to talk.

3. The building will cost about 2,500,000 Yuan, exclusive of the machinery equipment.

4. The Canal system in China is the most extensive in the world with the exclusion of Netherland.

句型30［主語+謂語+save/ save that/ save for/ saving/ saving that…］

1. I do entreat you, not a man departs, save I alone, till antonym has spoken.

2. In this life we get nothing save by effort.

3. At this hour the great tunnel was quiet save when a train roared above.

4. All is lost save honor. 5. Saving his eyesight, he was as well as ever.

6. The bar was empty save for the landlord.

7. Saving that he failed in Latin, he did well.

句型31［主語+謂語+only that/ other than…］

1. I have nothing against him, only that I dislike his manner.

2. "Is anything the matter with Madeline?" - "No, papa, only I have got a headache."

3. It was fortified on all sides other than this.

4. You will generally suffer for wishing to appear other than what you are; whether it be greater, or more learned.

[注1] besides和apart from兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。I care for nothing besides (apart from) this. (多用于否定句)

Apart from (Besides) English, he is also well versed in Russian. (多用于帶有also等副詞的肯定句)

[注2] in addition to有"包括"的意思, 如: In addition to John's being blamed for this, he was blamed also for breaking the window.

加強(qiáng)否定句

句型32［主語+強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語+否定詞+謂語動詞+其他］

1. Hurling insults and threats is certainly not fighting. 2. It simply will not do!

3. We must not become complacent over any success.

4. We absolutely must not relax our will. 5. The nature of wolves will never change.

6. Without the Communist Party I should assuredly not be what I am today.

句型33［主語+be+ the last+名詞+不定式…/從句］

1. For it was Oliver, his cruel brother-the last person Orlando would have expected to find there.

2. He is the last person to do such a thing. 3. This is the last place where I expected to have met you.

4. Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit.

句型34［主語+謂語肯定式+含否定詞語的成語+其他］［主語+謂語否定式+含不定詞語的成語+其他］

1. At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

2. Young people should on no account (=should not on any account) neglect their daily physical exercise.

3. We have ideals, but we are by no means visionaries. 4. He will in no wise give up study.

[注] 其他加強(qiáng)否定的方式：1. […be anything but…] (決不是) He is anything but a scholar.

2. [(There is) no+ V-ing] (決不可) There is no denying the fact. = It is absolutely impermissible to deny the fact. 因此語意比下句強(qiáng)，"It is impossible to deny the fact."

句型35［主語+否定式謂語+微量詞+名詞+其他］

1. We must never for a moment divorce ourselves from the masses.

2. The mother did not have a wink of sleep the whole night on account of the child's high fever.

3. He did not breathe a single word about it.

4. Though I have walked twenty miles, I am not a bit tired.

5. The little boy is do full of energy that he refused to stay put for any length of time.

[注] 表示微量詞的詞組中以 in the least為最常見，不少的微量詞可用它代替。如：

I am not in the least tired. I was not surprised in the least. That boy was not in the least afraid of the snake.

句型36［...否定詞+名詞+大范圍詞語...］

1. There will be no difficulty in the world which they cannot overcome.

2. The doctor was writing a book, but it went on so slowly that it would not be finished within a thousand years.

3. "Don't you dance?"-"I'm the world's worst dancer."

4. He was not at all confused. 5. It is of no value at all.

6. This is a historical trend no force on earth can hold back.

[附注1] 與漢語中的否定式相對應(yīng)的英語不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能譯成英語的"very not good", 應(yīng)換一種說法， "This is very bad.", "It is not good at all." 漢語"這事我一點(diǎn)也不知道"可譯作 "I am quite in the dark about the matter."或 "About this I knew nothing." 漢語"我很不喜歡喝酒。"可譯作為 "I dislike wine very much."或 "I am not a bit interested in wine./I don't like wine at all./I am the last person to like wine.

其次要注意分析。漢語"一竅不通"，是縮小否定數(shù)量的說法，最好譯成 "be utterly ignorant"或 "not know the ABC of…/know nothing of… 又如"世界上一切事物無不具有兩重性"，這里有幾個強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞語："世界上"，"一切事物"，"無不"。"一切事物"不能用all/all things, 因此只能用縮小量的說法。 "There is not a single thing in the world without a dual nature."

[附注2] 一般說來，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改為否定句，但一定要依照前面所介紹的各種句型的要求。此外，還應(yīng)考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：

1) 邏輯上說不過去的不能改為否定句。Where is Mary? 不能改為 where isn't Mary?

2) 句型要求不能用否定式的。How hard-working he is! 不能改為 how hard-working he isn't!

3) 除句型28中列舉的一些強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語有分工外，以下詞語只用于肯定句，否定句應(yīng)采用括號中相對應(yīng)的異根同義詞。Some (not…any); too (not…either); so (neither, no more); a long way (not…far); a lot of/plenty of/a great deal of/a good deal of… (not…much of); as…as (not so…as); already still (not yet/ not any more/no more/ no longer…)

1. I have got some. → I haven't got any. 2. I see a great deal of him. → I didn't see much of him.

3. We went a long way. → We didn't go far. 4. I will do so still. → I'll not do so any more.

4) 注意may, must, need, can (could) 在肯定句與否定句中的含義變化，對應(yīng)關(guān)系也會出現(xiàn)交錯現(xiàn)象。

A. 表示許可用may (口語中常用can); 表示禁止通常用must not, 有時也用may not 語氣較委婉。

"May (Can) I smoke here?" - "Yes, you may (can)." 或"No, you must not." 或 "You may not smoke here."

B. 表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)或必要時用must, 否定式只能用need not

"Must we hand in our homework today?" - "Yes, you must. No, you needn't."

C. 表示推測指"可能"時，用must; 指"不可能"，"不一定"時用cannot/could not, 有時也用may not, 口氣較委婉，意為"也許不"。 That must be a mistake. No, it cannot be a mistake. It must not be a mistake

D. 表示推測也常用may，指"可能";否定式同上。 He may be right/ He cannot be right. He may not be right.

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