功能及意義

1. 表示一個動作發生在過去，對現在仍有影響，但沒有具體的過去時間修飾。

常由下列副詞修飾：

ever曾經

never從不

already已經

yet還(未)(yet只用在否定句和疑問句中)

just剛剛

recently最近

lately近來

so far 迄今為止= until now, up to now，

before 以前

例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

你曾經去過長城嗎?

I have never heard of such a man.

我從沒有聽說過那個人。

We have just had lunch.

我們剛剛吃過午飯。

I have already returned your money.

我已經把錢還給你了。

I haven't found my book yet.(否)

我還沒有找到筆記本。

Have you done your homework yet?

(疑)你做作業了嗎?

Have you heard from him recently ?

你最近收到他的來信了嗎?

So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.

迄今為止，還沒有人犯錯誤。

I have never traveled by plane before.

我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過。

2. 表示一個動作發生在過去，一直持續到現在剛剛結束或者仍在繼續。常常與下列時間狀語連用：

→for +一段時間

I have learned English for 8 years.

→since +過去的一個時間點

I have learned English since 2001.

→since +一段時間+ ago

I have learned English since 8 years ago.

→since + 時態為一般過去時的時間狀語從句

I have learned English since I was 5 years old.

→ in the past/last +時間段

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.

近十年來我的家鄉發生了巨大的變化。

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