一、連系動詞be

be是最常用的連系動詞，它的后面可跟名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、從句、動詞不定式、分詞等作表語,構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

be的時(shí)態(tài)變化：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am, is, are

一般過去時(shí)：was, were

現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)：will be, is going to be, are going to

過去將來時(shí)：would be, was going to be, were going to be

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have been, has been

過去完成時(shí)：had been

例句：

①He will be a teacher.他將要成為老師。(名詞作表語)

②He said he was going to be in Shanghai the next week.他說他下一周將在上海。(介詞短語作表語)

③She was the first to learn about it.她第一個(gè)知道這個(gè)消息。(數(shù)詞作表語)

④My idea is this.我的想法就是這。(代詞作表語)

⑤We must be off now.現(xiàn)在我們必須離開。(副詞作表語)

⑥My idea is that we should tie the tree to the stick first.我的主義是先把樹綁到木棒上。(從句作表語)

⑦M(jìn)y job is to feed the animals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。(動詞不定式作表語)

⑧She has been like this ever since last night.從昨晚她就這個(gè)樣52

子。(介詞短語作表語)

⑨He said he had been here for three years.他說他在這里三年了。(副詞作表語)

⑩We were very tired last night.昨晚我們很累。(形容詞作表語)

二、與感官有關(guān)的連系動詞

這類連系動詞表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)"存在"。這類連系動詞有l(wèi)ook(看起來),feel(摸上去), ,smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等，這類連系動詞還時(shí)常作實(shí)義動詞用, 進(jìn)行句式變化時(shí)要接助動詞。區(qū)別：

1.He is looking.他正在看。(實(shí)義動詞)

He looks very young.他看起來很年輕。(形容詞作表語)

He looks like his mother.(He is like his mother.)他看起來象他的媽媽。(介詞短語作表語)

What does it look like?(What is it like?)它看起來象什么?(介詞短語作表語)

2.Don’t smell the meat.不要聞這肉。(實(shí)義動詞)

The cake smells delicious.這蛋糕聞起來挺好。(形容詞作表語)

It smells like a cake.它聞起來象蛋糕。(介詞短語作表語)

3.He tasted the bread.他嘗了嘗這面包。(實(shí)義動詞)

The bread tastes very nice.這面包嘗起來很好。(形容詞作表語)

The tea tastes like coffee.這茶嘗起來象咖啡。(介詞短語作表語)

4.The story sounds true.這故事聽起來真實(shí)。

“Ph” sounds like an “f”. “ph”聽起來象“f”

三、表示變化的連系動詞

這類連系動詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"變化"后的情況或狀態(tài).常見的有:become(變成), get(變得) ，turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例句：

1.When spring comes, the days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天來時(shí)，白天變長，天氣變暖。

2.Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛倫斯·南丁格

53

爾變成了一個(gè)著名的護(hù)士。

3.Dr Bethune became very popular then.那時(shí)白求恩大夫變得很受歡迎了。

4.His face turned redder and redder.他的臉變得越來越紅了。

5.It’s growing dark.天在變黑。

四、表示某種情況或狀態(tài)持續(xù)的連系動詞。

這類連系動詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"持續(xù)"。常見的有: keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊),stand(處于某狀況或情形)等。例句:

1.They keep busy.他們保持忙碌。

2.If you want to be thinner and keep healthier, you have to eat less food and you have to take more exercise.如果你想變瘦和保持健康，你不得不吃更少的食物，進(jìn)行更多的體育鍛煉。

3.Please stay happy.請保持高興。

4. It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?已經(jīng)上午10點(diǎn)了，商店還關(guān)著，發(fā)生了什么事。

五、表示好象的連系動詞

這類連系動詞有seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),后面跟形容詞作表語，也可以跟動詞不定式作表語。例句：

1.He seems very happy.

He seems to be happy.

2.It seems to rain.

It seems to be rainy.

It seems rainy.

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