情態動詞的語法特征

情態動詞表示說話人對動作或狀態的各種觀點和態度，如需要、猜測、意愿或懷疑等。情態動詞有詞義，但不完全，是所謂的“輔助性”動詞，在句中不能單獨充當謂語。

A.情態動詞的各種形式見下表：

情態動詞

may

might

can

could

must

have to

ought to

will

would

shall

should

need

dare

used to

否定式

may not

might not

cannotcan not

could not

must not

do not have to

ought not to

will not

would not

shall not

should not

need not

dare not

used not to

did not use to

簡略否定式

mayn't(老式英語，現在不常見)

mightn't

can't

couldn't

mustn't

don't have to

oughtn't to(否定句中to可省略)

won't

wouldn't

shan't(只用于英國英語)

shouldn't

needn't

daren't

usedn't to

didn't use to

B.情態動詞除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不帶to的不定式。

1.情態動詞+do

You shouldn't be so careless.你不該這樣粗心大意。

Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.

杰西卡昨天告訴他，她可能不去旅行了。

Difficulties can and must be overcome.

困難能夠而且必須克服。

2.情態動詞+be doing

She must be listening to pop music.

她肯定在聽流行音樂。

You should be reviewing your lessons.

你應該在復習功課。

My mother maymight be cooking now.

我媽媽可能正在做飯。

3.情態動詞+have done

They might have visited the Great Wall.

他們可能參觀過長城了。

He must have got up very early to catch the train.

他一定起得很早去趕火車了。

You ought to have come earlier.

你本該早一點兒來。

4.情態動詞+be done

This word can also be used as a verb.

這個詞也可以用作動詞。

Something must be done to stop pollution.

必須采取措施來制止污染。

The work ought to have been finished long ago.

這工作早就該完成了。

C.情態動詞第三人稱單數一般現在時沒有詞形變化。

You ought to wear a raincoat.

你應該穿件雨衣。

She ought to wear a raincoat.

她應該穿件雨衣。

Plants must have oxygen in order to live.

為了存活植物必須有氧氣。

A plant must have oxygen in order to live.

為了存活植物必須有氧氣。

D.情態動詞的時態并不是區分時間的主要標志。在一些場合中，情態動詞的現在式和過去式都可以表示現在時間、過去時間或將來時間。

I'm afraid it might rain tonight.

我看今晚可能要下雨。

Could I borrow your thermos

我可以借用你的暖水瓶嗎?

It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk.

今天天氣不錯，我們可以出去散散步。

E.情態動詞是互相排斥的，一般不允許兩個意義相近的情態動詞連用。

【誤】Soldiers must have to obey orders.

【正】Soldiers have to obey orders.

軍人必須服從命令。

【正】Soldiers must obey orders.

軍人必須服從命令。

【誤】Can I be able to borrow two books at a time

【正】Can I borrow two books at a time

我能一次借兩本書嗎?

【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time

我能一次借兩本書嗎?

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