must和have to

1.must表示有做某一動作的必要或義務，強調主觀看法，可譯為“必須，應該”。

Everyone must obey the rule.

人人都必須遵守制度。

We must do everything step by step.

我們必須逐步做每件事。

Teachers must be patient enough with their students.

老師必須對學生有足夠的耐心。

2.have to表示因客觀需要促使主語不得不做某事。

You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.

你不能在這里右拐，你必須左拐。

My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.

我的視力很差，看書時不得不戴眼鏡。

You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.

你在取得駕照之前必須先通過考試。

提示：

在口語中，我們可以使用have got to來代替have to.

I've got to work on Sunday.

我不得不星期天工作。

When has Ann got to go

安必須什么時候走?

3.must與have to的比較。

must與have to在表示“必須”這個意思時意義相近，但在用法上有所區別。

①must含有說話者的強烈決意(表示主觀的看法)，have to則表示外力環境或習慣使然(即表示客觀的必要，作“不得不”解)。

I must study hard.

我必須努力學習。(發自內心的決定)

I have to study hard.

我不得不努力學習。(外界因素逼迫)

You must stay for supper.

你必須留下來吃晚飯。(because I want you to)

You have to stay for supper.

你得留下來吃晚飯。(because there is nowhere else to go)

②must只有一種形式，而have to可有多種時態。

They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.

由于壞天氣，他們不得不推遲運動會。

These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.

這兩天他必須一直在家休息。

③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。

You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.

你必須保密，你不可以告訴任何人。(mustn't表示“禁止”)

You don't have to tell me the secret.你不必告訴我這個秘密。

(don't have to意思是“沒有必要”= don't need to)

4.must用于表示推測，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。

①must do (這里的do通常是狀態動詞或系動詞)，表示對現在狀態的推測。

He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.

他肯定很懶，因為他的課桌很不整潔。

Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.

卡羅爾肯定對她的工作厭煩了，她每天都做同樣的事。

②must be doing表示對現在動作或狀態的推測。

Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

多穿點兒衣服，你只穿一件襯衣，肯定覺得冷。

③must have done表示對過去的動作或狀態的推測。

The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.

地面是濕的，昨晚肯定下雨了。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

我沒聽見電話鈴響，我一定是睡著了。

提示：

must表示推測只用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句要用can, could來代替must。

He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already.

他剛吃過午飯，不會餓的。

They have just arrived here. They can't know many people.

他們剛到這里，不可能認識很多人。

Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can'tcouldn't have seen me.

萊斯利從我身邊走過而沒打招呼，他肯定沒看見我。

5.must可用來表示根據邏輯推理必然要發生的事，可譯為“必然會，總是會”。

We all must die.

我們都會死。

Truth must be out.

真相必然會大白的。

Winter must be followed by spring.

冬天到了，春天還會遠嗎?

6.must有時可用來表示“偏偏”的意思。

Why must it rain today

為什么偏偏在今天下雨?

When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.

正當我午睡時，偏偏一個學生在這個時候來敲門。

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