一，副詞的分類

按詞匯意義劃分可分為:

時間副詞

1)(Adverb of time),如 ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday 等。

2)頻度副詞

(Adverb of frequency),如 always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually 等。

3)地點副詞

(Adverb of place),如 above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs等。

4) 疑問副詞

(Adverb of question),如 how, when, where, why 等。

5) 方式副詞

(Adverb of manner), 如 angrily, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurrie dly, loud, loudly, quickly,quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。

6) 程度副詞

Adverb of degree),如 a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, rather, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。

7) 連接副詞

(Conjunctive adverb), 如 however, besides, furthermore, so, therefore, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why, moreover, never the less, then, thus,等。

8)解說副詞

(Explanatory adverb), 如as, namely 等。

句法功能

1. 作狀語。

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、連詞或整個句子:

I thinkdifferently.

我有不同想法。(修飾動詞)

The book isveryinteresting.

這本書很有趣。(修飾形容詞)

She leftshortlyafter the meeting.

會議剛結束她就走了。(修飾介詞)

He fellmainlybecause he ate too much.

他病了,主要因為吃的太多。(修飾連詞)

Happily, he was not in the house then.

幸運的是他當時不在那房子里。(修飾句子)

2.作表語。

表示位置的副詞作表語時,說明主語的狀態或特征above, across, inside,upstairs;表示動作方向的副詞作表語時,是表動作意義up, down, on, in,off, out。

The war is still on .

戰爭還在進行。

Summer is over.It’s autumn.

夏天過去�，F在已經是秋天了。

The gas is off.

煤氣關上了。

The village is ten miles off .

離那個村莊 10 里路。

3. 作介詞賓語和賓語補足語。

某些可以表示位置的副詞可以在 over, out, up, under, from, in, near, on, around, down, along 等后作介詞的賓語;某些時間副詞可以在 by, from, except, before, after, till, since 等后作介詞賓語;副詞還可與作及物動詞的賓語補足語或介詞 with 和 without 的賓語補足語。

It’s not far from here.

You can leave the goods anywhere but there.

She looked everywhere except there.

I didn’t know her until quite recently.

I went to her room only to find her out.

The woman walked along the river with her head down.

4. 作定語。

修飾名詞或代詞,副詞修飾名詞作定語時常放在名詞后。

Write your name in the place below.

把你的名字寫在下面的空格處。

I had to get off and take the bus behind.

我不得不下車上后面的公共汽車。

副詞的位置

1.

表示時間或地點的副詞一般放在句尾,并且。地點和時間的內部,又按的順序排列。強調時,它們也可放在句首。如:

Will you be free tomorrow?

你明天有空嗎?

He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha.

他住在長沙市湘春路 75 號。

2.

頻度副詞一般放在行為動詞之前,助動詞、情態動詞或動詞 be 之后。如:

Hesometimesgoes there on business.

他有時到那里出差。

He hasneverbeen late.

他從未遲到過。

I wasneververy good at maths.

我的數學從來不好。

3.

程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前,助動詞、情態動詞或系動詞,be 之后。如:

The film wasquitegood.

那影片相當好。

The lecture wasfairlygood.

報告相當不錯。

It’s arathersad story.

這是一個相當凄慘的故事。

4.

修飾動詞的方式副詞一般放在動詞(及其賓語)之后，有時也放在動詞之前。如:

We must learn to speak Englishfluentlyandcorrectly.

我們應當學講流利正確的英語。

Theywarmlywelcomed me at their offices.

他們在辦公室熱烈歡迎了我。

5.

由動詞與副詞一起所構成的短語動詞帶賓語時,若賓語是名詞則副詞放在名詞的前后都行;若賓語是代詞,副詞只能放在代詞之后。如:

I need a few days to thinkoveryour proposal.

= I need a few days to think your proposalover.

我需要幾天時間來考慮你的建議。

I need a few days to think itover.

我需要幾天時間來考慮它。(不能說 thinkover it)

6

. 地點副詞做定語時,須放在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如:

The peoplethereare very friendly.

那兒的人很友好。

7.

修飾句子的副詞一般放在句首。如:

Frankly, I am not satisfied with it.

坦白說,我對此不滿意。

Luckilyit was not so hot.

幸好那天不太熱。

SeriouslyI wish to work here.

說正經的,我愿意在這里工作。

8.

疑問副詞常放在句首構成疑問句。如:

Howdid you enjoy your Christmas?

圣誕節過得如何?

Whyhaven’t you been to see me all this time?

你為什么一直沒來看我?

9.

關系副詞和連接副詞一般放在從句的開頭。如:

I askedhowhe was getting on.

我問他情況怎樣。(連接副詞引起賓語從句)

These are the reasonswhywe do it.

這些就是我們這樣做的理由。(關系副詞引起定語從句)

10.

方式副詞、地點副詞、時間副詞等用在一起時,通常是方式副詞在前,地點副詞在中間,時間副詞在最后。如:

The boy readquietly over there all afternoon.

這男孩整個下午都在那 兒靜靜地看書。

副詞的級

1.副詞級的構成

副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣

1)副詞比較級和最高級的規則形式

副詞比較級和最高級的規則形式的構成與形容詞比較級和最高級基本相似。單音節詞通常采用綜合形式,如:

hard→harder →hardest

fast→faster →fastest

late→later →latest

early→earlier →earliest

但是開放類副詞即以后綴-ly 結尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er 或-est,如:

quickly →more quickly →most quickly

quietly →more quietly →most quietly

Note:early 與 slowly 中的-ly 不是后綴,故可以把 y 變 i 再加 er 和 est

2)副詞比較級和最高級的不規則形式

well →better →best

much →more →most

badly →worse →worst

little →less →least

2.副詞級的用法

1)副詞的比較級。

副詞的比較級和形容詞比較級的用法基本一樣,其基本模式是“副詞比較級+than-分句”,如:

He works harder than I.

他比我工作努力。

Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.

露西比麗麗起床早。

He dives deeper than his teammates.

他比他的隊員潛水深。

It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.

他英語講的確實比我們任何人都好。

2)副詞的最高級。

副詞最高級的用法和形容詞最高級的用法基本一樣 是由“ the +副詞最高 級+比較范圍”構成 表示對三個或三個以上人或物的比較,但副詞最高級形 式句中 the 可以省略。如:

He runs fastest in our class.

他在我們班跑地最快。

Our school team play football best in our region.

我們校隊在我們地區足球踢得最好的。

3)副詞的同級比較。

同級比較的基本模式為“as+副詞原級+as-分句”,其否定形式為“not+as so+副詞原級+as-分句”,如:

This car runs as fast as that one.

這輛車沒有那輛車跑得快。

John doesn’t behave as/so politely as Bob.

約翰沒有鮑勃禮貌。

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