(一)英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。

如: Many people speak Chinese.

謂語:speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。

被動語態(tài)的主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。

如: Chinese is spoken by many people.

主語English 是動詞speak的承受者。

(二)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成"。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化體現(xiàn)。以speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

一般現(xiàn)在時: am/ is/ are + spoken

一般過去時: was / were+ spoken

一般將來時: will/ shall be+ spoken

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: am/is/ are being+ spoken

過去進(jìn)行時: was/were being+ spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時: have/ has been+ spoken

過去完成時: had been + spoken

(三)被動語態(tài)的用法，即什么時候使用被動語態(tài)

(1)不知道或沒必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

如: Some new computers were stolen last night.

幾臺新電腦昨晚被盜了。(不知道是誰偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.

這座橋竣工于1981年。(沒必要說明執(zhí)行者是誰)

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。

如:Milk was drunk up.牛奶被喝光了。

Homework must be finished on time.

家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。

(3)常見句型:

It is(was) said that… 據(jù)說……。

It is(was) reported That... 據(jù)報道……。

It is(was) agreed (believed/decided/hoped/that..... ) that.....大家同意(相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為) ....。

It is(was) well known that....眾所周知……。

It is(was) taken for granted that... 被視為當(dāng)然……。

It must be remembered that...務(wù)必記住……。

(四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法

(1)主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(如果是代詞，注意賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?

(2)謂語動詞變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be+ 過去分詞) (be的形式根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定)。

(3)主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，(如果是代詞，主格改為賓格)

如：All the people laughed at him.

→He was laughed at by all the people.

如：They make the bikes in the factory.

→The bikes are made by them in the factory.

如：He cut down a tree.

→ A tree was cut down by him.

(五)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，即主動語態(tài)的mod. + do 變成mod.+be done.

如：We must finished the task in two days.

→The task must be finished in two days by us.

如：They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

(六)特殊情況的被動語態(tài)

(1)賓語補(bǔ)足語

1.五看二聽一感覺，使役動詞有三個，還有一個help，這些動詞在主動語態(tài)中賓語補(bǔ)足語省去to，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時to要加回。

如：He made the boy work for two hoursyesterday. →The boy was madetowork for two hours by him yesterday.

(2)五看二聽一感覺，這些動詞加doing賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況(直接帶下來)。

如：I heard him singing in the next room.

→He was heard singing in the next room by me.

(3)雙賓語

如：Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

=Jack gave a Christmas present to Peter just now.

→(1) Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

→(2) A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

加雙賓語的常用動詞pass，hand，show，give等，sb為間接賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，前面加to;sth為直接賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時直接加上去。

如果是buy，cook等加雙賓語情況，sb為間接賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，前面加for;sth為直接賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時直接加上去。

(仔細(xì)理解體會直接賓語和間接賓語的含義，雙賓語的被動句型可以一步到位)

(4)動詞短語(當(dāng)做一個整體，不可分割)

Theytook good care ofthe old people.

→The old people weretaken good care ofby them.

(5)主動表被動

記住兩個常考的主動形式表被動含義的詞吧!

need doing 需要被做

be worth doing 值得被做

如：The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。

(七)、被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別

(1)意思不同，被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作是由誰來做的，是怎樣被做的;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描述人或事或物的特點以及狀態(tài)。

如：The window is broken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

The window is broken by him.(被動語態(tài))

(2)用法不同，過去分詞作表語可用so, very, too等詞來修飾，而被動語態(tài)用much, very much, too much, so much等詞來修飾。

如：He was very interested in science.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

I was so much surprised by the scene.(被動語態(tài))

(八)、不用被動語態(tài)的情況

(1)不及物動詞無被動

不及物動詞沒有賓語，所以也不可能有被動語態(tài)。需注意，有些英語中的不及物動詞，譯成漢語時貌似是“及物”容易出錯，如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)，come about(發(fā)生)，break out(爆發(fā))，appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，last(持續(xù))，arise(出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生)，belong, (屬于)，disappear(消失)，die(死)等：

如：A fire broke out during the night.

夜間發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。

如：Flu usually breaks out in winter.

流感通常發(fā)生在冬季。

如：A traffic accident happened just now.

剛剛發(fā)生了一場車禍。

(2)某些靜態(tài)動詞無被動

靜態(tài)動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被動語態(tài)，如以下各句均不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：

如：My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合適。

如：The hall holds 1000 people. 大廳可容納1000人。

(3)賓語為相互代詞或反身代詞無被動

相互代詞或反身代詞通常不能用作主語，所以當(dāng)用作動詞賓語時，句子不可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。

如：We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。

(4) 感官系動詞無被動

如：Milk tastes strange.牛奶嘗起來怪怪的。

(5)表示物體本身特征/性質(zhì)的動詞無被動

常考的動詞如下：sell, wash, wear, read, write

如：The coat wears well. 這外套穿起來挺好。

如：The book sells well. 這書賣的不錯。

 

如下是一些有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的練習(xí)，來試試吧(你一定可以)

一、選擇題

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build　　( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D.

gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted

( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done

D. will be done

( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.

A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made

( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.

A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn

D .draws

( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.

A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn　　( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent

D. wasn't sent

( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?

--Last year.

A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known

( )14.I ____ in summer.

A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born　　( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.

A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent

( )16.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to

( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us

( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.　　A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

( )21.Older people ____ well.

A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after

( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

(溫馨提示：選擇題選項中有被動時，百分之九十都需要選擇被動，個別不是被動的都需要考慮一下是不是被動的特殊情況)

二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。

1. We can finish the work in two days.

The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou.

Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.

3. The children will sing an English song.

An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.

4. You needn't do it now.

It ____ _____ _____ by you now.

5. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week.

A New Year card ____ ____ ____ Lucy by me last

week.

6. People use metal for making machines.

Metal ____ ____ for making machines.

7. He made me do that for him.

I ____ ____ ____ _____that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library.

This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?

____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.

An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.　　11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.

Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.

12.My brother often mends his watch.

His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day.

The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.

14.They use knives for cutting things.

Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

15.He made the farmers work for a long time.

The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.

16.Did he break the window yesterday?

____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses.

The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.

18.We clean the classroom every day.

The classroom ____ ____ every day.

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.

Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.

20.You can dig a hole in the earth.

A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.

(溫馨提示：主被動的互換，先找出主謂賓，然后按照主被動換主賓語，關(guān)鍵需要考慮謂語動詞)

三、 用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。

1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.

3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?

It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.

7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.

11.These kinds of machines ____(make) in Japan.

12. Apples __________(grow) in this farm.

13. Russian _________ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

14. Planes,cars and trains ________ (use) by business people for travelling.

15. The cinema _________ (build) in 1985.

16. The bike ________ (must not put) here.

17. A beautiful horse ______ (draw) by John next day.

18. This kind of machine ___________(can made) by Uncle Wang.

19. Mr. Green ______ (open) two new school.

20. The PLA ___________ (found) on August 1st,

1927.

21. By the time he was ten, the boy_____(learn)English and French.

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

24. Uncle Wang _________(live) here since 1980.

25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.

(溫馨提示：看看動詞的賓語是不是提前成主語了，如果是考慮被動)

四、把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài)。

1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________.

2.Everybody likes this song. __________________________________.

3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________.

4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.

_____________________________.

5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.

_______________________________.

6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________.

7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________.

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________.

9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_______________________________.

10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________.

11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.

_____________________________________.

12.Cranny told us a story last night. __________________________________.

13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.

_______________________________________.

14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.

______________________________________.

15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________.

16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________.

17.Where did she make them? __________________________________.

18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________.

19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.

_________________________________.

20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.

__________________________________.

21.You should take good care of her baby.

__________________________________.

22.You may take it back home. __________________________________.

23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________.

24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?______________________________________.

25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________.

(溫馨提示：主被動的互換，不要被各種不同句式帶偏了哦，先完成被動句，然后再考慮句式)

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