初中英語 | 語法大全之形容詞

1

形容詞的句法作用：

形容詞主要在作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補足語。

2

形容詞在句子中的位置

⑴作定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。

a big yellow wooden wheel

(一個黃色的大木輪)

⑵作表語時放在連系動詞之后。

The price sounds reasonable.

(這個價格聽起來算是合理)

⑶作賓語補足語時放在賓語之后。

We must try our best to keep our environment clean.

(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)

⑷后置的情況：

①修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。

Something serious has happened to him.

(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)

②與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時形容詞后置。

He’s 1.8 metres tall.

(他身高1.8米。)

The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.

(月球離地38萬公里)

3

有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析：

⑴ whole與all：

① the whole + 名詞;

②all (of) the + 名詞。

He was busy the whole morning.

(整個早晨他都很忙)

He can remember all the words he learns.

(他能記住學(xué)過的所有單詞)

⑵ tall與high, short與low：

指人的個子時用tall與short;指其他事物時一般用high與low。

He’s very tall/short.

(他個子高/矮)

Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.

(大道的兩側(cè)有高大的樹木)

A few people live on high mountains.

(少量的人住在高山上)

⑶ real與true：

real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”;

true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實的”。

This is a real diamondand it’s very expensive.

—Is that true?

—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.

(那真實嗎?是的,我親耳所聽)

⑷ interested與interesting的區(qū)別：

interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語。

interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。

The man is very interesting and all the children like him.

(這個人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)

This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.

(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受)

I am interested in science.

(我對自然科學(xué)感興趣)

⑸ such用法：such + a(n) + 名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。

I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.

(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩)

He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.

(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記)

⑹ good與well：

表示“好”時,作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well;表示“(身體)好”時用well.

Doing sports is good for us.(進(jìn)行運動對我們有益)

Study well and make progress every day.

(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上)

—How are you?

—I am very well.

(你好嗎?我很好。)

⑺ nice與fine：的區(qū)別：

nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等;

fine一般指身體或天氣好。

Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.

(我們?nèi)シ窒砟菈K美味的蛋糕吧)

She is a nice girl.(她是個漂亮的姑娘)

What a fine day!(多好的天氣!)

He’s fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯)

⑻ too much與much too：

too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量;

much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。

I am full because I have had too much rice.

(我飽了,因為我吃了太多的米飯)

That coat is much too dear.

(那件大衣太貴了)

⑼ quick、fast與soon：

quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運動速度快,而soon則表示時間上很快即將發(fā)生。

After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.

(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學(xué)校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家)

A train is much faster than a bus.

(火車比公共汽車快得多)

His father will be back to China very soon.

(他父親很快就要返回中國)

⑽ lonely與alone：

lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語;

alone的意思是：“獨自的,單獨的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。

He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.

(他一人獨住,但是并不感到孤獨)

He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.

(他是個孤獨的人,你要和他相處好實在不易)

⑾ other與else的區(qū)別：

other放在名詞前;

else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置

另外,or else表示“否則”,是連詞。

The other students are on the playground.(其他學(xué)生在操場上)

Who else can work out this maths problem?

(還有誰能解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題?)

This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.

(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。)

Do you have anything else to say for yourself?

(你還有什么要為自己說的嗎?

⑿ special與especial的區(qū)別：

表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時,兩個詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。

She pays (e)special attention to clothes.

(她非常注重著裝)

These are special chairs for small children.

(這些是專門給小孩子的椅子)

⒀ gone、lost、missing的區(qū)別：

gone表示“丟了,沒了”,含一去不復(fù)返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表語或賓補,不可以作定語;

lost表示“丟失”,含難以找回的意思,可作定語、表語或賓補;

missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人物不在原處,可作定語、表語或賓補。

My fever(高燒) is gone, but I still have a cough.

(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽)

The parents found the lost child at last.

(家長終于找到了迷路的孩子)

My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away?

(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了?)

For more detailed information(詳情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(網(wǎng)址).

(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請訪問我們的網(wǎng)站)

⒁ living、alive、live、lively的區(qū)別：

四個詞都來源于動詞live“生活、居住”。

living讀[‘liviN]有三個意思：

①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,作表語或定語

②“一模一樣的、逼真的”

③相當(dāng)于lively,意思是“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”。

live讀[laiv],指東西“活的”,可以替換為living。

alive讀[[‘laiv]作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面。

lively讀[‘laivli]有三個意思：

①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的

②(色彩)鮮艷的

③生動的、真實的

A living language should be learned orally(口頭上).(活的語言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué))(被動句)

We have a living hope that you will succeed.

(我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你能成功)

Is she still alive?(她還活著嗎?)

They are the happiest children alive.

(他們是活著的最開心的孩子)

This is a live fish.(這是條活魚)

A live wire(電線) is dangerous.

(有電的電線是危險的)

She is as lively as a kitten(小貓).

(她像小貓一樣可愛)

He gave a lively description of the football match.

(他生動地描述了那場足球賽)

⒂ sick與ill區(qū)別：

sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語。

He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.

(他病了很久,現(xiàn)在非常虛弱)

Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.

(獸醫(yī)幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛)

⒃ the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)等用法：

“the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。

We must try our best to help the poor.

(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們)

The rich never know how the poor are living.

(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)

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