過去完成時(shí)

1)概念：表示過去的過去

--那時(shí)以前--那時(shí)--現(xiàn)在--

其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。

2)用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 狀語(yǔ)從句

在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3)過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left　B，were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

注意：had no … when 還沒等…… 就……

had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

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